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Authors
Chen, Feng
Gu, Zhe
Guo, Xiaogang
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Article History
Received: 8 June 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was based on publicly available de-identified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). All NHANES protocols were approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent. Further institutional review board (IRB) approval was not required for our secondary data analysis. The present study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
