Xue, Yan
Song, Menghuan
Ung, Carolina Oi Lam
Hu, Hao
Article History
Received: 8 June 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The CHARLS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015 and IRB00001052-11014). The study followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.