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Authors
Ren, Yaping
He, Yubin
Hao, Yue
Yue, Zhijie
Zhu, Zixiong
Li, Xuewen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Granted No.82170398)
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Article History
Received: 26 January 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
 Declarations
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: This study utilized de-identified data from the GBD study, which does not require individual consent. The study did not involve human or animal subjects. The need for ethics approval was waived by the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, as the study utilized publicly available, aggregated data that did not involve direct interaction with human participants or the use of personal health information. The study protocol adhered to the guidelines established by the journal. Since no human subjects were involved, informed consent was not applicable. Additionally, the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles, as it did not involve any experimental interventions or procedures on human subjects.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
