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Article History

Received: 12 June 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Informed consent regarding this analysis of clinical data was waived.The Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty Würzburg, Germany, approved this analysis and waived informed consent regarding this study (waiver #20211011 02).

: Not applicable.

: V. Cejka received financial support for attendance of scientific congresses from Boehringer Ingelheim, Lili, Alnylam, including travel and accommodation support, and speaker honoraria from Pfizer.S. Ihne-Schubert received financial reimbursement for consulting, advisory board activities, speaker honoraries and/or travel support to attend scientific meetings by Akcea Therapeutics, Alnylam, Pfizer, Janssen-Cilag, and Takeda, and further research funding from Pfizer and Akcea Therapeutics. An internship was supported by ONLUS. She was fellow of the local Clinician Scientist program of the IZKF Würzburg.S. Störk is supported by the Comprehensive Heart Failure Center inWürzburg, and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). He has received consultancy and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Pfizer. He is investigator in trials sponsored by Alnylam, Akcea, IONIS, NovoNordisk.C. Morbach reports research cooperation with the University of Würzburg and Tomtec Imaging Systems funded by a research grant from the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy, Germany; she is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Comprehensive Research Center 1525 ‘Cardio-immune interfaces’ (453989101, project C5) and receives financial support from the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research - IZKF Würzburg (advanced clinician-scientist program; AdvCSP 3). She further received advisory and speakers honoraria as well as travel grants from Tomtec, Alnylam, Akcea, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, SOBI, AstraZeneca, NovoNordisk, Alexion, Janssen, and EBR Systems; principal investigator in trials sponsored by Alnylam, Bayer, NovoNordisk, and AstraZeneca.