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Authors
Qin, Siwen
Li, Difei
Feng, Qin
Zhang, Yanchao
Zhou, Donghui
Liu, Shuang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (2024JH2/102500029)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62171472)
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was granted approval by the ethics committee of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University (EC-2024-KS-117). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and/or their legal guardian(s).
: All authors agree with the content and the publication of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
