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Authors
Zhou, Zhongwei
Gao, Jianshu
Sun, Mingzhong
Chen, Hongmei
Jin, Hao
Ju, Huixiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
College-local collaborative innovation research project of Jiangsu Vocational College of medicine (No. 20239106)
The Key Project of Health Commission of of Yancheng (No. YK2023026)
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Article History
Received: 28 June 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS project received thorough examination and approval from Peking University’s ethical review board (IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided informed consent before joining the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
