Li, Ning
Wang, Rui
Liang, Ningpeng
Zhang, Huang
Dong, Yifei
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Institutional Research Grant of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (2023efyA03)
Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study used data from MIMIC-IV, which was accessed under certification (No. 12853279) with IRB approval and waived informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.