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Authors
Yuan, Kangzheng
Liu, Fangmei
Wang, Jian
Sun, Xinjie
Liao, Qingchi
Deng, Min
Wen, Lei
Huang, Yu
Ye, Qing
Xiao, Yang
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2024
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 7 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted using data from the publicly available MIMIC-IV database. The data were de-identified, and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center’s ethical committee waived the requirement for informed consent. The author Kangzheng Yuan successfully completed the “Protecting Human Research Participants” course offered by the National Institutes of Health (Record ID: 60220095) to access the database.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
