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Authors
Ackmann, Jana
Wörmann, Jonas
Lüker, Jakob
Schipper, Jan-Hendrik
van den Bruck, Jan-Hendrik
Scheurlen, Cornelia
Dittrich, Sebastian
Pavel, Friederike
Maximidou, Theodoros
Steven, Daniel
Sultan, Arian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Köln
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Cologne (17–440, 14 December 2017). Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: J.A. received educational fees from Johnson & Johnson and lecture fees from Abbott and Daiichi Sankyo. J.W. received lecture fees from Abbott and Boston Scientific, and educational fees from Boston Scientific and Johnson & Johnson. J.L. received lecture fees from Johnson & Johnson, Abbott, and Boston Scientific. J.-H.S. received educational fees from Boston Scientific, and lecture fees from Abbott and Daiichi Sankyo. D.S. received lecture fees from Johnson & Johnson, Abbott, and Boston Scientific. A.S. received lecture fees from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, and Johnson & Johnson. J.-H.v.d.B. received lecture fees from Johnson & Johnson and Abbott. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
