Jemal, Semira Khairdin
Yesuf, Subah Abderehim
Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in full accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (Certificate of Ethical Clearance No. PM23/434). Formal permission to conduct the study was obtained from the administrations of both participating hospitals. To ensure participant anonymity and confidentiality, no personal identifying information was collected. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants following comprehensive explanation of the study objectives. All collected data were handled with strict adherence to confidentiality and anonymity protocols.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.