Updates are available Correction dated 2026-07-20
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06290-x
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Authors
Scholfield, Steven
Zghebi, Salwa S.
Rutter, Martin K.
Mamas, Mamas A.
Kontopantelis, Evangelos
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2023-06-009)
Heart Research UK (RG2682/19/21)
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Article History
Received: 8 October 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 10 January 2026
Change Date: 13 July 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: the author’s name Martin K Rutter, was incorrectly written as Martin Rutter.
Change Date: 20 July 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06290-x
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee at CPRD (protocol number 20_177R). Ethical approval for observational research using CPRD (with approval from ISAC) has been granted by a Health Research Authority (HRA) Research Ethics Committee (Derby, East Midlands, Derby, REC reference number 05/MRE04/87). General practices (GP) in the UK opt-in to sharing pseudonymised, non-identifiable data with CPRD at the practice level, meaning that individual patient consent is not required for their data to be used in research. Individual patients, however, have the option to opt-out of sharing their data for research with CRPD via their GP.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
