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Authors
Xiang, Shizhen
Ye, Yuge
Cao, Xi
Zeng, Huidan
Guan, Yunlong
Zhu, Siyu
Liu, Xiangjing
Luo, Da
Kong, Yifan
Shao, Zhonghe
Zhang, Bofang
Hao, Xingjie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32470658)
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study did not involve a clinical trial, so no clinical trial registration number is applicable. The UK Biobank study protocols have been approved by the North-West Multicenter Research Ethics Committee (Research Ethics Committee reference: 11/NW/0382). All participants in the UK Biobank provided written informed consent prior to data collection, in compliance with ethical guidelines for human research.
: Not applicable. This study uses de-identified secondary data from the UK Biobank, and consent for publication is not required as per the UK Biobank data access agreement and relevant ethical regulations.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
