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Authors
Zhang, Jin-you
Chen, Yang
Zhang, Ying-xi
Yang, Bao-jun
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: The MIMIC database was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. This study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by both institutions. As patient data was de-identified, individual informed consent was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
