Li, Jiazheng
Han, Mei
Cai, Teng
Sheng, Shuo
Sun, Jiazheng
Liu, Hongsheng
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Research and Development Program of Jining City, China (2023YXNS078)
Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The MIMIC-IV database contains de-identified patient data and was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Individual informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.