Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 October 2025

Accepted: 30 January 2026

First Online: 14 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (Approval No.: TMUGH021), and all research procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical norms.Researchers informed each participant of the study purpose, methods, follow-up period, data usage, and potential risks in detail. After ensuring that the participants fully understood, they signed a written informed consent form. For remotely recruited participants, an electronic informed consent system approved by the Ethics Committee was adopted. Informed consent documents were sent via encrypted links, and participants read and confirmed them online before submitting electronic signatures. Researchers conducted telephone follow-ups to verify the authenticity of the informed willingness. During the follow-up period, if participants requested to withdraw from the study, they could terminate at any time, and the collected data would be kept confidential in accordance with regulations without affecting their subsequent medical services.

: All authors confirm their consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.