Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The CHARLS study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the CHARLS study.
: No applicable
: The authors declare no competing interests.