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Authors
Liu, En-Shao
Shih, Yan-Ning
Wu, Yi-Ting
Tai, Haw-Ting
Yang, Kuo-Ming
Tai, Ta-Hsin
Chiang, Cheng-Hung
Kuo, Feng-Yu
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Human Research Committee of Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (certificate: KSVGH22-CT12-16). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study (clinical trial number: not applicable). The authors confirm that neither informed consent nor consent for publication was required, as the Human Research Committee of Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital approved a waiver of informed consent due to the use of secondary retrospective data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
