Wan, Peishan
Xie, Huaijin
Fu, Zhongjie
Zhou, Sikun
You, Qiong
Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Ethics No: PJKT2025-282). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines. Written informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of this study; however, patients who had previously documented refusal of data use for research purposes were excluded. As all data were collected from a single institution (including temporal validation cohort), this waiver applies to the entire study population.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.