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Article History

Received: 26 September 2025

Accepted: 9 March 2026

First Online: 9 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical review and approval were waived by the Institutional Review Board of Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome, as per institutional policy for retrospective studies based on anonymized data. All patients had previously signed a general informed consent at the time of the procedure, which includes permission for the use of their anonymized clinical data for research purposes.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the patients.

: Francesco Burzotta discloses to have received speaker’s fees from Abbott, Abiomed, Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences. Carlo Trani discloses to have received speaker’s fees from Abbott, Abiomed, Medtronic, Boston Scientific Daiichi Sankyo. Cristina Aurigemma discloses to have received speaker’s fees by Abbott, Abiomed, Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences and Daiichi Sankyo. Antonio Maria Leone is a consultant for Abbott Vascular, Menarini and Acist/Bracco Imaging and reports personal fees from Abbott, Medtronic, Menarini, Bruno Farmaceutici, Novo Nordisk, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, and Novartis. Luigi Cappannoli received a fellowship grant by Abiomed, outside the present work. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.