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Authors
Oke, Deborah
Ogah, Okechukwu
Bello, Yusuf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-3232
Lawal, Oluwatosin
Kareem, Yusuf
Adeyemi, Ololade
Olalemi, Oluwatoyin
Adedokun, Babatunde
Salako, Babatunde
Adewole, Isaac
Watson-Jones, Deborah
Morhason-Bello, Imran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-4824
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Ibadan
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the SHINI study received ethical approval from the Oyo State Government, Nigeria (AD13/479/712); the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethics Committee, Ibadan (UI/EC/16/005); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee, London (LSHTM 9736-3). Written or witnessed informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment, including consent for the collection, storage, and future analysis of biological samples. The authors confirm that all procedures adhered to the ethical guidelines of the relevant national and institutional committees overseeing human research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
