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Authors
Kiplagat, Jepchirchir
Mugo, Richard
Musick, Beverly
Mwangi, Ann
Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.
Wools-Kaloustian, Kara
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center (D43TW009345)
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study received ethics approval from Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital/Moi University Institutional Research Ethics Committee (FAN:0003889) and was exempted from review from the Indiana University institutional review board (Protocol #11922) and University of Washington IRB (STUDY 00013910). In addition, a research permit was obtained from Kenya’s National Council for Science Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI/P/21/11258) before initiating the study. Written consent from patients was waived as these were routinely collected data of public health significance and all data were de-identified prior to transmission to the investigators for analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
