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Authors
Neijenhuis, Ralph M.L.
Zwaenepoel, Bert A.C.
Jansen, Thomas D.
Ezzat, Vivienne
van Erven, Lieselot
Lowe, Martin
Schalij, Martin J.
Sawhney, Vinit
Beeres, Saskia L.M.A.
Daw, Holly L.
Jukema, J. Wouter
Jongbloed, Monique R.M.
Zemrak, Filip
Egorova, Anastasia D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences (KNAW Ter Meulen Grant)
Foundation “De Drie Lichten”
AstraZeneca (Educational Grant)
AstraZeneca (Educational Grant)
Leiden University Medical Center research council Cardio-Vascular cluster (Themes for Innovation funding)
Leiden University Medical Center research council Cardio-Vascular cluster (Themes for Innovation funding)
Leiden University Medical Center research council Cardio-Vascular cluster (Themes for Innovation funding)
ZonMw
Bontius Stichting
Rembrandt Institute of Cardiovascular Science
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Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the LUMC (Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act [WMO] committee division 1, protocol reference 2023-035). At Barts Heart Centre, the study was approved in accordance with local institutional policy. All tests and procedures were performed as part of standard clinical care, and the need for written informed consent was waived. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the relevant institutional and national research committees and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: A.D.E. received speaker and consultancy fees from Medtronic (MN, United States), Boston Scientific (MA, United States), and Abbott (IL, United States). S.L.M.A.B. received speaker and consultancy fees from Medtronic (MN, United States) and Boston Scientific (MA, United States).
