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Authors
Wang, Kangwei
Zhang, Ting
Lin, Ya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau's Basic and Public Welfare Research Project (Y20240076)
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for all the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) waves was granted from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometrics, is IRB00001052-11015; the IRB approval number for biomarker collection, was IRB00001052-11014. During the fieldwork, each respondent who agreed to participate in the survey was asked to sign two copies of the informed consent. Four separate consents were obtained: one for the main fieldwork, one for the non-blood biomarkers and one for the taking of the blood samples, and another for storage of blood for future analyses.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
