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Authors
Zhang, Yaru
Si, Wenqing
Wu, Liangxiu
Li, Xin
Niu, Shulin
Wu, Liangyan
Du, Shenshen
Wei, Bingqian
Chen, Lindou
Su, Boyan
Han, Yiting
Wu, Yupeng
Lai, Weicheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Development Fund of Nanjing Medical University (NMUB20210180)
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (approval No. KY2020K075) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective design, use of de‑identified data, and minimal risk to participants, the committee waived the requirement for individual informed consent. All data were anonymized prior to analysis and handled in compliance with institutional and national data‑protection regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
