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Authors
Chen, Dengyong
Deng, Yuting
Liu, Xiangyang
Wang, Lizhe
Rong, Yuanyuan
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Article History
Received: 22 March 2026
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was conducted in line with the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Prior to their involvement in the CHARLS study, all participants gave their written informed consent. The research adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies in epidemiology.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
