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Authors
Mu, Xingbo
Sun, Ning
Ning, Sicheng
Wu, Yuhao
Zhang, Jian
Liang, Yanchun
Zhang, Quanyu
Han, Yaling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
LIAONING S&T Project (2025JH2/101800045)
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2026
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 30 April 2026
Declarations
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: All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment, and the ethical protocol for the CHARLS survey was approved by the Peking University Biomedical Ethics Review Committee (IRB00001052-11015).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
