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Authors
Qi, Bingyang
Liu, Mengyang
Yi, Xin
Jia, Yanyao
Tan, Yahang
Zhang, Zhiyong
Zhang, Tao
Zheng, Zhichang
Li, Chuang
Fu, Yuan
Cheng, Jing
Zhao, Lin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project: Cardiology (Coronary Artery Disease)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82400413)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7244348)
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective observational study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (Approval Number: 2022-Science-288). Given that the study involved de-identified retrospective data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
