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Authors
Childs, Holly
Frankenfeld, Cara L.
Dailey, Allyson
Couch, Robin
Slavin, Margaret
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
George Mason University, College of Public Health pilot funding
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
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: At the time of the original SWAN study, participants provided written consent to participate. We employed a secondary analysis using de-identified publicly available SWAN data and did not include any personal identifiable information of participants. This study protocol conforms to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki. The present study’s secondary analysis was approved by the University of Maryland College Park (UMCP) Institutional Review Board (IRB), College Park, MD (IRBNet ID 2039359-1). The IRB determined the present project did not meet the definition of human subject research under the purview of the IRB according to federal regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
