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Authors
Yang, Jiaxin
Ma, Yuxin
Wang, Jia
Shen, Shuhui
Zou, Tong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Academy of Medical Sciences (2023-12M-C&T-B-118)
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Article History
Received: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 20 May 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study utilized de-identified data from the MIMIC-IV database. The MIMIC-IV database was approved by the Institutional Review Board of BIDMC, with a waiver of informed consent granted due to the retrospective nature of the research and the use of de-identified data. Author J.Y. completed the required Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) program and obtained access to the database (certification number: 13257386). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
