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Authors
Issaka, Yussif
Maraqah, Mohammad
Meyahnwi, Didien
Adjei-Sefah, Kwame
Okorigba, Efeturi
Oparah, Miracle
Boateng, Sarpong
Abdul-Kareem, Hakeemah
Adefuye, Mayowa
Nguefang, Guy Loic
Njei, Basile
Hahn, Samuel
Zarich, Stuart
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2026
Accepted: 20 May 2026
First Online: 25 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted using de-identified electronic health record data obtained from the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Network. TriNetX data are fully de-identified in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule (45 CFR § 164.514[a]).In accordance with U.S. federal regulations governing human subjects research (45 CFR § 46), studies involving secondary analysis of de-identified data do not constitute human subjects research and are exempt from institutional review board (IRB) review and informed consent requirements.The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
