Liu, Yaxin
Fu, Chenxi
Li, Fengao
Wang, Hao
Zhu, Mei
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-002C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-002C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-002C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-002C)
Tianjin Medical University Clinical Special Disease Research Center - Neuroendocrine Tumor Clinical Special Disease Research Center
Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
:
: This study utilized data from the MIMIC-IV database, which has received approval from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). As the data were fully anonymized, this research was exempt from institutional ethical review and informed consent requirements under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4). The investigation was conducted in strict compliance with the ethical principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.