Xu, Heping
Huang, Siyuan
Xia, Yan
Niu, Huan
Li, Jiangyan
He, Ping
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (823RC560)
Article History
Received: 26 February 2026
Accepted: 9 June 2026
First Online: 11 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: CHARLS received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University. All participants provided written informed consent. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometric measurements, is IRB00001052–11015, and for biomarker collection, it is IRB00001052–11014.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.