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Authors
Baldauf, Benito
Bode, Kerstin
Lau, Ernest W.
Giaccardi, Marzia
Assadian, Ojan
Chévalier, Philippe
Haddad, Christelle
Klöss, Andreas
Cemin, Roberto
Vonthein, Reinhard
Bonnemeier, Hendrik
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hochschule Bremerhaven
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 9 June 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted using strictly anonymized statutory health insurance data. In accordance with EU General Data Protection Regulation Recital 26, data that are irreversibly anonymized do not constitute personal data. Therefore, the requirement for ethics committee approval and informed consent was waived. The use of these data is regulated under German Social Law (SGB V § 287) and the German Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz). Data access, processing, and analysis were conducted in compliance with the applicable national regulations. The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments, insofar as applicable to research using anonymized secondary data.
: Not applicable.
: BB currently holds or held the following positions during the last three years - medical consultant/part of the advisory board of: Abbott, BiolineSupply, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, CRM Microport, CrosstecGmbH, DrugsalesLtd., DSE Holding Türkiye, Implicity, Kappamed, KimalPLC, M3 Medical/EcclipseMedical, Medival SRL, Medtronic, Philips/Spectranetics, SintecSRL, Tauro-ImplantGmbH, Tauropharm GmbH, Transcutan, Transaxis, 4G. The other authors declare no competing interests.
