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Authors
Hoang, Viet Anh
Le, Tuan Minh
Nong, Minh Vuong
Bui, Van Thuong
Tran, Thi Ngoc Anh
Nguyen, Hoai Thi Thu
Dao, Xuan Co
Vu, Van Giap
Do, DaoVu
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2026
Accepted: 24 June 2026
First Online: 4 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved human participant data and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the local Hospital Ethics Committee of Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam National Heart Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam (Decision No. 7395/QD-BM, December 15, 2025). Because of the retrospective design and the use of de-identified data, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data, images, or videos.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
