chen, Juanya
Dai, Meifen
Gao, Limei
Li, Lishan
Shan, Lihua
Liu, Zirong
Article History
Received: 8 May 2026
Accepted: 3 July 2026
First Online: 28 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. This retrospective study utilized anonymized clinical data from the electronic medical record system of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology. Because the study involved no direct patient contact or intervention and all data were de-identified prior to analysis, the need for informed consent and formal ethical approval was waived by the hospital’s Ethics Committee. Clinical Trial Number: Not applicable. This study is a retrospective study and was not registered on any clinical trial platform.
Consent for publication: The participants voluntarily participated in this study and signed the informed consent form.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.