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Authors
Tan, Zhen
Liu, Yijun
Liu, Lei
Ye, Mao
Xue, Xinrui
Li, Shuang
Li, Xiaoping
Ren, Hongqiang
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Article History
Received: 1 March 2026
Accepted: 13 July 2026
First Online: 1 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: UKB has approval from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC) as a Research Tissue Bank (RTB) approval. Therefore, researchers do not require separate ethical clearance and can operate under the RTB approval, and all participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. The CHARLS protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Suining Central Hospital (Number: KYLLMC20250034), and all participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. This study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
