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Authors
Liu, Yang
Shen, Qiwei
Liu, Hongyu
Lip, Gregory Y. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-1626
Hong, Kui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Major Program for the Prevention and Control of the Four Major Chronic Diseases (2024ZD0521500, 2024ZD0521501)
Key Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University University (2022efyA05)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470374)
Molecular Medicine Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory Support Program (2024SSY06231)
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 20 July 2026
First Online: 25 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study utilized de-identified data from the MIMIC-IV database. The original data collection was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and the requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective use of anonymized data. Our analysis of this publicly available dataset was exempt from additional ethical review by our institutional review board, and all procedures complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and the relevant data use agreements (CITI No. 12163712).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
