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Authors
Chen, Bin
Peng, Cong
Wu, Jingwei
Huang, Binwen
Ding, Jindong
Chen, Zhetian
Wang, Bingding
Zhuo, Ling
You, Yong
Li, Sijie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82260226)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82460673)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82360230)
Hainan Province Nanhai Yucai Program (NHCHX-WJW-2025007)
Academic Enhancement Support Program of Hainan Medical University (XSTS2025006)
Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2024SHFZ064)
Hainan Natural Science Foundation Innovation Research Team Project (825CXTD610)
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2026
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 24 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The UK Biobank received ethical approval from the NHS National Research Ethics Service Committee North West–Haydock (reference no. 11/NW/0382), and all participants provided written informed consent. CHARLS was approved by the Peking University Institutional Review Board (reference no. IRB00001052–11015), and all participants provided written informed consent. This study was a secondary analysis of authorised, de-identified data from UK Biobank and CHARLS and therefore did not require additional local ethics approval.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
