Yang, Yi
Jia, Bo
Ge, Yipeng
Li, Chengnan
Qi, Ruidong
Yu, Hai
Xiao, Fucheng
Hu, Haiou
Qiao, Zhiyu
Zhu, Junming
Funding for this research was provided by:
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (Project No. 2023ZD0504400; Subproject No. 2023ZD0504401)
Article History
Received: 5 June 2026
Accepted: 11 August 2026
First Online: 15 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University (approval no. 2026178x). The requirement for individual informed consent was waived for this retrospective analysis of de-identified clinical data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.