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Authors
Omachi, Paul Adah https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4407-0602
Solomon, Amos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-1739
Rotimi, Bosede Folashade https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6623-3187
Eze, Edith Chinwe https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9563-9737
Abubakar, Usman https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4592-4571
Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4741-7009
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Article History
Received: 17 March 2026
Accepted: 28 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Nigeria (Approval No. FMCB/HCS/HREC/APPR/VOL 1/21). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating infants before enrolment. Participant confidentiality was maintained through de-identification of study data and restricted access to research records. Infants found to have echocardiographic cardiac abnormalities during the study were referred to the Paediatric Cardiology Clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Bida, for further evaluation and appropriate management.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
