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Authors
Long, Maokun
Zhao, Xiaojiang
Han, Laiguo
Li, Changqing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Anhui Province Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project (AHSKYQ2025D109)
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2026
Accepted: 16 September 2026
First Online: 25 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This secondary analysis uses CHARLS data, which was collected in accordance with the ethical guidelines established by the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from Peking University’s Biomedical Ethics Review Committee (IRB00001052-11015), with participants’ written consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
