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Article History

Received: 20 July 2021

Accepted: 23 December 2021

First Online: 15 January 2022

Declarations

:

: This trial was approved by the Lower Austrian Ethics Committee (GS1-EK-4/577–2018), at the Office of the Lower Austrian State Government in St. Poelten, Austria. The committee is responsible for approval of monocentric and multicentric drug studies, medical devices and the application of new medical methods in the hospitals of the Lower Austrian hospitals fund and in non-hospital clinical practices, in accordance with the legal requirements of the Medicines Act (AMG), the Medical Devices Act (MPG), the Federal Act on Hospitals and Health Resorts (KaKuG), the Lower Austrian Hospitals Act (NÖ KAG) and in compliance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and the EC and ICH-GPC Guidelines.

: All patients were informed orally by the attending emergency physician before application of the drug and gave their consent to primarily inhalative pain treatment instead of receiving intravenous analgesics. Additionally, they received written information material. The manuscript does NOT contain any patient’s personal data. All data used in this analysis were anonymised and thus the Ethical Committee waived the requirement for patients or next of kin to consent to take part in the trial. Therefore, the authors state: “Not applicable in this section”.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.