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Article History

Received: 8 November 2024

Accepted: 9 January 2025

First Online: 23 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The data used in the study was originally collected and reported by Zheng et al.(2021). The original study was conducted following ethical approval obtained from the Mulago National Referral Hospital Research Committee, the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology, and the Institutional Review Board of the University of California, San Francisco. Written consent could not be feasibly obtained for all study patients due to the acuity of their medical injuries; however, oral informed consent was granted by all adult patients during their hospital encounter, with permission from parents/guardians obtained for all patients under 18 years of age and documented in the registry. As this study involved the secondary analysis of this already published and anonymised data, no further ethics approval or consent was necessary. The data were accessed for research purposes on 24 Oct 2023, and the authors did not have access to any information that could identify individual participants during or after data collection.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.