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Article History

Received: 23 November 2024

Accepted: 18 February 2025

First Online: 20 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to ethical standards and received approval from The Hashemite University Institutional Review Board (Approval #: 2022 − 182) and the Jordanian Ministry of Health Research Board, with additional formal approvals from the participating healthcare facilities. Data collection involved secondary analysis of anonymized EHRs, with no direct or indirect interaction with patients, and informed consent was deemed unnecessary according to national regulations and IRB approval. Patient confidentiality was maintained by deidentifying all data and securely storing it in compliance with ethical research codes in Jordan, ensuring the study upheld the highest ethical standards. Research involving animals is not applicable to this study as it is a secondary data analysis of electronic patient records. No experimental procedures on vertebrates or invertebrates were conducted as part of this research.

: Not Applicable. Also, the issue of lacking appropriate permission and/or credit for reproduced images is not applicable, as this study does not include any reproduced images.

: The authors declare no competing interests.