Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 January 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2025

First Online: 23 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This manuscript is based on a Ph.D. thesis in the field of health in disasters and emergencies and has received ethical approval under the code IR.IUMS.REC.1402.009 from the Research Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). To ensure ethical compliance, participants were fully informed about the study’s objectives and procedures, and their informed consent was obtained. Participation was entirely voluntary, with the option for participants to withdraw at any time. To protect anonymity, participants were assigned codes, and no identifying information was recorded or disclosed during the interviews. Audio recordings of the interviews were permanently deleted after transcription. Confidentiality was upheld throughout all stages of the research, from data collection to publication.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.