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Article History

Received: 16 October 2024

Accepted: 16 May 2025

First Online: 30 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Research ethics committee of Kermanshah University of Medical sciences. The study received approval from the Ethics Committee, number IR.KUMS.REC.1399.992. Participants were fully informed about the research title, objectives, and duration. They were also given an opportunity to ask questions and receive answers about the study.

: was obtained from all participants for both the interview and audio recording. This consent was sought voluntarily, ensuring participants understood their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Participants were assured of their anonymity and the confidentiality of their information. All measures were taken to protect participants’ identities and personal data. The study adhered to strict confidentiality principles throughout the research process. Participants were informed of their right to access the research results upon request. The researcher committed to honest publication of the findings and to respecting the rights of the participants. The research was conducted with the utmost respect for participants’ rights and ethical standards, ensuring the integrity of the study and the welfare of its participants. By fully explaining the details of the research to the participants and obtaining their informed consent to participate in the study, as well as observing the principle of confidentiality of the participants’ information. The ethical principle of “Helsinki” has been observed in this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.