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Authors
Uzawa, Tasuku
Ono, Yuko
Sugiyama, Jun
Takayama, Kazushi
Nakanishi, Nobuto
Kakamu, Takeyasu
Ishida, Tokiya
Tomita, Nozomi
Shinohara, Kazuaki
Kotani, Joji
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee at Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital on 19 July 2024 (approval no. 9_2024). The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The committee waived the requirement for patient consent because of the observational nature of this study, which involved no interventions and was focused on outcomes from routine trauma practice. The opt-out information was provided on the hospital’s website ().
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
