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Authors
Mercalli, Cesare
Ghio, Federico Emiliano
Bonizzato, Sara
Mantellini, Barbara
Serini, Carlo
Pallavicini, Paolo
Squeo, Maria Rosaria
Ferretti, Andrea
Murray, Andrew
Carenzo, Luca
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Article History
Received: 6 April 2025
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Declarations
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: Study protocol approved by Comitato Etico Territoriale Lombardia 5 (Milano, Italy; protocol 02–25) and all study procedures were performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Retrospective observational research performed by IRCCS is waived from the requirement of obtaining informed consent for publication, as specified under the Italian Data Protection Code (Legislative Decree No. 196/2003) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), when the research involves data that is anonymized and does not involve any intervention with the participants. As this study adheres to these legal and ethical standards, informed consent for publication of results is not required.
: FEG owns shares of i-Help s.r.l., the medical service provider of the 2023 Ryder cup, CM, SB, BM, CS, AM, LC received honoraria for providing medical care at the 2023 Ryder Cup. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
