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Authors
Norberg Boysen, Gabriella
Svensson, Elin
Heldtander, Caroline
Herlitz, Johan
Olander, Agnes
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kristianstad University
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Declarations
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: This type of study does not fall within the scope of the Swedish Act concerning the Ethical Review of Research Involving Humans (SFS 2003:460), which regulates all research involving humans in Sweden []. It was, however, conducted following the requirements of the Helsinki declaration []. This was done by ensuring that all participants were treated with respect to autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Written approval to conduct the interviews was obtained from the Head of Department responsible for the ambulance service organizations. Verbal and written information about the study was provided, and all participants gave written informed consent. The participating PENs were guaranteed confidentiality and their right to withdraw at any time without providing any reason.
: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
