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Authors
Alghamdi, Omar
Alotaibi, Salman
Alkhulaif, Ali
Alqahtani, Sarah
Basfar, Ali
Aljahany, Muna
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (PNURSP2025R414)
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (PNURSP2025R414)
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (PNURSP2025R414)
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (PNURSP2025R414)
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (PNURSP2025R414)
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (PNURSP2025R414)
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (IRB log number 24–0043). All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines and regulations. Before data collection, all participants (residents and consultants) received study information and provided written informed consent to participate, including consent to audio-record interviews and focus groups. Participation was voluntary and could be withdrawn at any time without consequence.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
